Reconciling Indigenous Justice and Women’s Rights within Legal Pluralism:
Challenges under International Human Rights Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9732/2025.V131.1409Palavras-chave:
Justiça Indígena; Mulheres Indígenas; Pluralismo Jurídico; Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos; Igualdade de GêneroResumo
O presente artigo examina questões relacionadas ao direito das mulheres indígenas de acesso à justiça em contextos de pluralismo jurídico, destacando a tensão entre a relevância cultural dos sistemas tradicionais e os riscos impostos pelas normas patriarcais. A análise começa revisando o quadro jurídico internacional que reconhece os povos indígenas como titulares de direitos distintos, com foco na Declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos dos Povos Indígenas (2007), que reformulou a relação entre direitos coletivos e individuais. Em seguida, analisa a prática de órgãos de tratados sob acordos universais, com ênfase na Convenção sobre a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra as Mulheres (CEDAW), que adota uma perspectiva de gênero explícita. Com base nisso, o artigo identifica dois modelos principais: um que prioriza os direitos individuais das mulheres, exigindo restrições à jurisdição indígena; e outro, mais equilibrado. Este último modelo, defendido principalmente pelo Comitê da CEDAW e cada vez mais apoiado por Procedimentos Especiais da ONU, reflete um padrão emergente que pode orientar Estados na criação de marcos jurídicos que promovam o autogoverno indígena e garantam os direitos das mulheres, por meio de uma abordagem colaborativa entre sistemas tradicionais e nacionais que envolva ativamente as mulheres.
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